Wishing Someone a Happy Birthday in German

If youre going to speak the language, its important to learn how to wish someone a happy birthday in German. Before giving birthday greetings, though, you need to know about an important cultural difference, especially among older Germans: Wishing a German a happy birthday before his special day is considered bad luck, so dont do it. And as for gifts and cards you may want to send, make sure to mark on the package that the recipient should open it only on his or her birthday or afterward—but never before. There are a number of ways to say happy birthday in German, but birthday wishes can vary widely whether they are spoken or written, or even depending on where the recipient resides in Germany. Spoken Birthday Expressions The following phrases first show how to say happy birthday in German, followed by the translation in English. Note that the translations are the English equivalents and not literal, word-for-word  translations. Herzlichen Glà ¼ckwunsch zum Geburtstag!   Happy birthday!Alles Gute zum Geburtstag!   Have a good birthday!All das Beste zum Geburtstag!   All the best on your birthday!Viel Glà ¼ck zum Geburtstag!   Best of luck on your birthday!Ich gratuliere Ihnen zu Ihrem 40/50/60 etc.   Congratulations on your 40/50/60th etc. birthday.Herzlichen Glà ¼ckwunsch nachtrà ¤glich.   Happy belated birthday. Written Birthday Expressions You can write all of the above-mentioned expressions in a card, but if you want something a little more ausfà ¼hrlicher (detailed), you may want to try some of these expressions. Herzlichen Glà ¼ckwunsch zum Geburtstag und viel Glà ¼ck/Erfolg im neuen Lebensjahr!   Happy birthday and much happiness/success in the new year.Ich wà ¼nsche dir zu deinem Geburtstag alles Liebe und Gute—verbringe einen wunderschà ¶nen Tag im Kreise deiner Lieben.   I wish you all the best on your birthday. May you spend a wonderful day surrounded by those you love.Ich wà ¼nsche dir einen herzlichen Glà ¼ckwunsch zum Geburtstag und alles Liebe und Gute und ganz viel Gesundheit und Spaß. Lass dich schà ¶n feiern.   I wish you a happy birthday and all the best and much health and fun. Have a good time celebrating.Herzlichen Glà ¼ckwunsch und alles Gute zum Geburtstag wà ¼nscht dir (your name).   I wish you happy birthday and all the best on this day.Herzlichen Glà ¼ckwunsch zum (birthday number)sten und alles Gute. Happy Xth birthday and all the best. Happy Birthday From All Over Germany Not every city or town in Germany says happy birthday the same way. You may run into variations in dialect, depending on where you are in the country and where the birthday  Junge oder Mà ¤dchen, Mann oder Frau  (boy or girl, man or woman) lives. The city or region is listed on the left, followed by the German happy birthday greeting and then the English translation. Bayern (Bavaria): Ois Guade zu Deim Geburdstog!   Happy birthday!Berlin: Alles Jute ooch zum Jeburtstach!   All the best on your birthday!Friesland: Lokkiche jierdei!   Happy birthday!Hessen (Hesse): Isch gratelier Dir aach zum Geburtstach!   I congratulate you on your birthday.Kà ¶ln (Cologne): Alles Juute zum Jeburtstaach!   All the best  on  your birthday!Norddeutschland (Plattdeutsch - Low German): Ick wà ¼nsch Di alls Gode ton Geburtsdach!   I wish you all the best on your birthday.

What I Think About The World Of Personalities Has Been...

Introduction: What is the first thing you think of when someone says the word personality? Do you think along the lines of birth order or someone being outgoing or shy? Those are both normal thoughts of what personalities are. Always I would immediately think of the four temperaments. In my research I plan to prove that personalities come in different temperaments known as choleric, melancholy, sanguine, and phlegmatic. I will be explaining and talking about each one; Where they came from, how they are different, similar, and what they mean, and also how certain temperaments people have affect how they get along with others and what jobs suit them better and why. Pages1-5: [Based off of the order of my thesis] Describe each Exploring the world of personalities has been remarkably interesting. What originally sparked my interest was my curiosity of what personality I personally have and how everyone is so uniquely different. The four temperaments are what I m going to branch off of. The four temperaments are choleric, melancholy, sanguine and phlegmatic. Cholerics are often found to be the ‘Alpha† of our species, known as being dominant leaders, being more extrovert. Melancholic is definition of perfectionist who is introverted and sensitive. Phlegmatics are very submissive, indecisive people pleasers who are introverted. Sanguines are extremely extroverted, who are social butterflies who enjoy being center of attention being their bubbly, chatty outgoingnessShow MoreRelatedBrooklyn Nine, Nine : Character Analysis Of Brooklyn Nine-Nine1584 Words   |  7 PagesBrooklyn Nine-Nine is a show about Jake Peralta, a talented NYPD detective who never really learned how to be an adult, following hi s cases and developing relationships with his co-workers in the 99th precinct. This show is unique in the way it handles a lot of politically hot topics in a tasteful and humourous way, never making offensive jokes or reducing their characters to stereotypes. 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More hits from the right Essay Example For Students

More hits from the right Essay Officials in Cobb County, Ga., a suburb of Atlanta, voted to cut all county arts funding in late August, after initially moving to pass a resolution to restrict funding to organizations and programming that advance and support strong community and family-oriented standards. The anti-arts vote sidestepped the issue of free speech guarantees by eliminating support to the arts across the board. It came after productions of David Hwangs M. Butterfly and Terrence McNallys Lips Together, Teeth Apart at Theatre in the Square in Marietta sparked stormy controversy between members of the countys Board of Commissioners, the local arts community, gay rights activists and antigay factions. The proposed amendment to the Cobb Countys Cultural Affairs Policy stemmed from reports that the McNally play promotes gay lifestyles, although the play features no gay characters and the production received no negative audience response. It was in fact selected the best show of the season by the theatres patrons in their annual award ceremony. But commissioner Gordon Wysong who did not see the play proposed the restriction, adding that future programming should be taken into account before any grants are awarded. The chairman of the commission, Bill Byrne, supported the restrictions, citing his experience at Theatre in the Square the previous season, when he and his wife were so offended by the material in M. Butterfly that they left before the final curtain. The controversy raged in the Atlanta suburb for much of the summer, with arts advocates accusing the commission of censorship. Theatre in the Square artistic director Michael Horne defended his theatres programming, noting that it produces a wide range of plays, and that we didnt get here by doing bad work or work thats out of touch with the community. Suspension of its county funding would represent a loss of about five percent of the theatres operating budget. Last year, the theatre received nearly $41,000 from the countys $123,000 arts fund. While county commissioners were still deliberating the outcome of the proposal by holding two public hearings, they passed a second measure declaring that gay lifestyles are incompatible with community standards and in support of established state laws regarding gay lifestyles. Although the intent of this measure was to prohibit the extension of domestic partnership benefits to county employees a reaction to the city of Atlantas recent decision to do just that many members of the community saw the two proposals as intrinsically related. After gay rights groups threatened legal action against the county if funding restrictions were aimed at arts groups or projects with homosexual themes, the county Board of Commissioners voted to eliminate all county arts funding and redirect the $123,000 annual appropriation to be used by local police. Exhibiting the offensive   On another front, Martin Mawyer and the Christian Action Network whose evangelical anti-NEA fervor prompted a lobbying campaign for total agency defunding because of the Whitney Museums Abject Art exhibit continued their attacks in Washington right up until recess. In late July, the Christian Action Network assembled a display of photographs of offensive art works allegedly funded by the NEA and sent invitations to every member of Congress to view the exhibit in the Capitol building, but the showing was banned before anyone arrived. Rep. Philip Crane (R-Ill.) had reserved the room, which is under the jurisdiction of the House Ways and Means Committee, but permission was withdrawn by Rep. Sidney Yates (D-Ill.) and Rep. Dan Rostenkowski (D-Ill.) when they determined that rules on lobbying in the Capitol would be violated if the exhibit were allowed. Later, House Speaker Thomas Foley (D-Wash.) closed the exhibit down after 15 minutes in a House annex room, which Mawyer claimed had bee n booked through Rep. Cranes office, but which Foleys staff said was never confirmed. .ua19138661aba0585d773776685e2a367 , .ua19138661aba0585d773776685e2a367 .postImageUrl , .ua19138661aba0585d773776685e2a367 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua19138661aba0585d773776685e2a367 , .ua19138661aba0585d773776685e2a367:hover , .ua19138661aba0585d773776685e2a367:visited , .ua19138661aba0585d773776685e2a367:active { border:0!important; } .ua19138661aba0585d773776685e2a367 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua19138661aba0585d773776685e2a367 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua19138661aba0585d773776685e2a367:active , .ua19138661aba0585d773776685e2a367:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua19138661aba0585d773776685e2a367 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua19138661aba0585d773776685e2a367 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua19138661aba0585d773776685e2a367 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua19138661aba0585d773776685e2a367 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua19138661aba0585d773776685e2a367:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua19138661aba0585d773776685e2a367 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua19138661aba0585d773776685e2a367 .ua19138661aba0585d773776685e2a367-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua19138661aba0585d773776685e2a367:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bridging the gulf EssayIn a statement released by Mawyer on the day of the exhibit, he vowed that the Christian Action Network will continue to monitor the NEAs funding practices and continue to expose those artists and works of art which are patently offensive to most Americans. Just as the furor over Mawyers accusations were beginning to die down, the NEA faced another controversy. In early August, newspapers reported that three California artists were giving away most of a $5,000 NEA grant to illegal immigrants in the San Diego area in a project called Arte-Reembolso/Art Rebate. Flyers accompanying the bills stated, This $10 bill is part of an art project that intends to return tax dollars to taxpayers, particularly ~undocumented taxpayers. The art rebate acknowledges your role as a vital player in an economic community indifferent to national borders. Subsidized giveaway   By giving the money away in $10 bills, the artists said they were making an artistic and political statement about the interaction of physical space with intellectual space and civic space and demonstrating the economic role illegal immigrants play in southern California. The project received NEA funding from the Museum of Contemporary Art in San Diego, as part of an exhibit called La Frontera/The Border, one in a series of exhibits in a four-year project at the museum titled Dos Ciudades/Two Cities, which received a $250,000 NEA grant that was matched three-to-one with state, city and private funding. According to the museums director, Hugh Davies, the NEA financed only the four-year project and did not know about the money giveaway. Republican Congressman Randy (Duke) Cunningham of San Diego was quick to respond with outrage. I can scarcely imagine a more contemptuous use of taxpayers dollars, he wrote to the NEA, while NEA spokesman Josh Dare told the press that not only did the agency know nothing about the project in advance or fund it specifically, but these three artists are very adept at pushing peoples buttons.

The Dividend Tax Cut and Interest Rates free essay sample

President George W. Bush announced a package of tax cuts with the hopes that, when implemented, the tax cuts will stimulate the currently slow U. S. Economy. The centerpiece of the Bush plan is to eliminate the taxes investors pay on dividend income. Currently, any money an investor receives when a stock she owns pays a dividend to its investors is added to her total income at tax time. So dividend income is treated the same way, and is taxed at the same rate, as income from working. If the Bush plan becomes law, dividend income will no longer e added to an investors total income. As a result the dividends become exempt from taxation. The exact details of the plan are not currently known, because it has not been debated or passed by Congress yet. As well, there is some uncertainty as to how the government will define dividend and what exemptions, rules, and loopholes will be written into the law. For the purpose of this article, we will assume that the dividend tax cut will be wide ranging and cover most stocks when Congress passes it. The Bush Administration hopes that by eliminating the dividend tax, investors will be encouraged to buy more stocks. This, they believe, will cause a rise in the value of the market. The main question is: where will investors find the money to buy more stocks? Incomes are not likely to increase a lot in the short-term. Thus, if investors are buying more stocks, they must, necessarily, be buying less of something else. It is likely that consumers will buy less of the good that is the closest substitute to stocks, and for most consumers that good is bonds. Bonds are, in essence, a loan taken out by a government or corporation, with the remises to pay back, to holder of the bond, a fixed amount at a later date. Bonds are a close substitute for stocks, because the two goods share many attractive qualities. Both stocks and bonds tend to appreciate in value over time. Also, unlike investments like real estate and collectibles, both bonds and stocks are liquid assets, meaning it is easy and inexpensive to find a buyer anytime one wishes to sell. There are millions of brokers and organizations that will gladly buy your bond at market rates; finding a buyer for your rare beanie baby collection would be much more difficult. Since bonds and stocks are substitutes, and the dividend tax cut will make owning stocks more desirable and bonds would become less desirable to investors. Bonds would be purchased in smaller quantities. Economic theory, as well as common sense, dictates that when demand for a good falls, the price of that good will fall as well. So the dividend tax, while having the intended effect of a rise in the price of stocks, will see a corresponding fall in the price of bonds. Ads Aka Battista Ha HOPSCOTCH broker. Rue rentable cobble19 8 Mope 30TH aqua COCOA Activate days enjoyment noggin Eligibly, Kenneth, CAPTIVITY www. Rusk. Rue Composite Koran Noah. Rapacity Ha monopoly_VIII 2 raga! XX Beach, gal._VOW, Waynesboro-m. Rue object-1 Kaplan a XX Beach AT 21 MM. Tanoak, annotate. Oceanographers! The Dividend Tax Cut and Interest Rates [Part 3: The Dividend Tax Cut How Does This Effect Interest Rates? ] More of this Feature Part 1: The Dividend Tax Cut Bushs Plan Part 2: The Dividend Tax Cut Substitution of Bonds for Stocks Part 3: The Dividend Tax Cut How Does This Effect Interest Rates? Part 4: The Dividend Tax Cut How Does Interest Rate Increases from Bonds Effect You? Part 5: The Dividend Tax Cut The Supply Side Part 6: The Dividend Tax Cut Have Your Say Related Resources Bush Offers Dividend Tax Cut Plan Dividend Tax Cut and Economic Stimulus Plan White House Release Dividend Tax Cut and Economic Stimulus Package Tax Policy Center Information on Dividend Tax Cut What does any of this have to do with interest rates? Well, the interest rate on a bond is inversely related to the price of the bond, meaning that as one goes up, the other goes down. Consider a discount bond with a maturity length of one-year. Suppose you buy a $100 bond with a maturity length of 1 year for $90. This meaner that you pay $90 today, and on this date one year from now, you receive $100. The interest rate you get on this bond (formally called the yield-to-maturity) is calculated by: r = (value price) / value In this equation r is the interest rate (or yield to maturity), price is the price you pay for the bond, and value is the amount you get in one year. Now as the price decreases, the interest rate increases. This increase in the interest rate as the price creases is shown in the following chart for a discount bond with a maturity length of one year. This rise in interest rates will not be limited to Just bonds. Banks and other financial institutions use their customers deposits to either buy bonds or to loan to other customers in the form of mortgages, car loans, and business loans. These loans usually carry an interest rate of Prime + X%, where X is a number based on the likelihood the borrower will go bankrupt and default on the loan. The more likely the lender is to default on the loan, the higher X is: this is why Bill Gates gets a utter rate on his mortgage than you do. Since interest rates tend to be calculated based on Prime and the likelihood of the borrower to go bankrupt, there is a perfect relation between them and the prime rate. The prime rate is the interest rate at which banks lend money for a short- specified term to large corporations that have little chance of going bankrupt in the near future. These loans are, in reality, bonds, since the large corporations have to pay them back at a specified date, and the banks can sell these loans to other banks or institutions if they wish. Thus, if the demand for bonds decreases and causes a rise in the interest rate on bonds, the prime rate will increase (because it is as an interest rate on a bond), and cause the rate of interest to rise on all loans. So far we have Just examined changes in demand, but we know that two factors always affect price: demand and supply. What effect will the elimination of dividend taxation have on the supply of stocks and bonds? We know that consumers are now willing to pay more for stocks, and less for bonds. Corporations obtain funds for new projects by either selling bonds or by issuing new stock. Since selling stocks is now more lucrative than issuing bonds, because of the relative change in prices, we should see more companies selling stocks, and fewer companies issuing bonds. Since the supply of bonds by corporations is decreasing, we should see the price of these bonds increase. So this will mitigate the fall in bond prices caused by changes in demand. In theory, it is possible for the supply effect to outweigh the demand effect; this would happen if there were large enough reductions in the amount of bonds issued. This would cause an overall rise in bond prices, and a lowering in interest tats. This is exactly the opposite of what Ive been arguing so far. However, a dramatic fall in the amount of bonds issued is highly unlikely for two reasons. The first is that companies usually prefer to sell bonds instead of issuing new stocks. This is due to the fact that when a company sells stock, it is diluting the ownership of the company. If a company issues too much stock, there is the risk that the a single investor or group of investors will be able to buy enough stock in the company to take it over, which is called a hostile takeover. Because of this, a big rush of new stock issues is unlikely. The second reason this is unlikely is that corporations are not the only entities that sell bonds. The federal government, along with state and municipal governments and public utilities all issue bonds for their funding needs. Most governments are currently running into budgetary crunches and many are running deficits for the first time in years. The federal government will be forced to run a deficit due to increases in spending and declining revenues due to this tax cut. To finance these deficits, governments will be forced to issue more bonds. Because the number of government issued bonds will increase, we should not expect to see a dramatic drop in the total overall value of bonds issued. Most economists feel that the elimination of the dividend tax will have the intended effect of raising the demand and price of stocks, which will cause a rise in the value of the various stock market indices. However, for any change in policy, we must not just examine the intended impact of the policy, but we must determine what its unintended consequences will be. One of the unintended consequences will be that the dividend tax cut will cause a rise in interest rates. This is bad news if youre planning to buy a car or house in the future, as your monthly payments will rise due to higher interest rates. Unfortunately, I havent seen any scientific studies on how much interest rates will rise due to this policy change. Economic theory can only tell us that interest rates will rise; an extensive econometric study is needed to determine what the magnitude of the rise will be. If you have any thoughts or predictions on what will happen, or know of a study I may have missed, please Join us in the forums. I look forward to hearing your input.